@article {837621,
	title = {Tuning and Freezing Disorder in Photonic Crystals using Percolation Lithography},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	note = {The authors thank Mackenzie Kinney, Kevin Raymond, Natalie Koay, Sofia Magkiriadou, Dr. Caitlin Howell, and Prof. Mathias Kolle for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative under Award FA9550-09-1-0669-DOD35CAP (optical properties), and by the US Federal Railroad Administration under contract number DTFR5314C00015 (volatility analysis). IBB acknowledges support from a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.},
	pages = {19542},
	abstract = {Although common in biological systems, synthetic self-assembly routes to complex 3D photonic structures with tailored degrees of disorder remain elusive. Here we show how liquids can be used to finely control disorder in porous 3D photonic crystals, leading to complex and hierarchical geometries. In these optofluidic crystals, dynamically tunable disorder is superimposed onto the periodic optical structure through partial wetting or evaporation. In both cases, macroscopic symmetry breaking is driven by subtle sub-wavelength variations in the pore geometry. These variations direct site-selective infiltration of liquids through capillary interactions. Incorporating cross-linkable resins into our liquids, we developed methods to freeze in place the filling patterns at arbitrary degrees of partial wetting and intermediate stages of drying. These percolation lithography techniques produced permanent photonic structures with adjustable disorder. By coupling strong changes in optical properties to subtle differences in fluid behavior, optofluidic crystals may also prove useful in rapid analysis of liquids.},
	doi = {10.1038/srep19542},
	url = {http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24984018},
	author = {Burgess, I.B. and Abedzadeh, N. and Kay, T.M. and Shneidman, A.V. and Cranshaw, D.J. and Loncar, M. and Aizenberg, J.}
}
