@article {837476,
	title = {Creating bio-inspired hierarchical 3D{\textendash}2D photonic stacks via planar lithography on self-assembled inverse opals},
	journal = {Bioinspiration \& Biomimetics},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	note = {We thank L Mishchenko, B D Hatton, N Koay, and B A Nerger for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the AFOSR Award FA9550-09-1-0669-DOD35CAP. IBB acknowledges support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the PGS-D program.},
	pages = {045004},
	abstract = {Structural hierarchy and complex 3D architecture are characteristics of biological photonic designs that are challenging to reproduce in synthetic materials. Top{\textendash}down lithography allows for designer patterning of arbitrary shapes, but is largely restricted to planar 2D structures. Self-assembly techniques facilitate easy fabrication of 3D photonic crystals, but controllable defect-integration is difficult. In this paper we combine the advantages of top{\textendash}down and bottom{\textendash}up fabrication, developing two techniques to deposit 2D-lithographically-patterned planar layers on top of or in between inverse-opal 3D photonic crystals and creating hierarchical structures that resemble the architecture of the bright green wing scales of the butterfly,\&nbsp;<i>Parides sesostris</i>. These fabrication procedures, combining advantages of both top{\textendash}down and bottom{\textendash}up fabrication, may prove useful in the development of omnidirectional coloration elements and 3D{\textendash}2D photonic crystal devices.},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-3182/8/4/045004},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-3182/8/4/045004/meta},
	author = {Burgess, I.B. and Aizenberg, J. and Loncar, M.}
}
